Nepal has been declared as Open Defecation Free (ODF) nation and is now moving ahead for the attainment of Total Sanitation. Amongst other issues of the sanitation, the proper management of fecal sludge, specifically in urban and peri-urban areas of Nepal is becoming a pressing issue to be resolved.

When you flush your toilet, where does it go? Wastewater from 30% urban homes is whisked away by sewer network which could be either connected to a treatment plant or discharging untreated wastewater.

Sanitation is the basis for healthy, productive and dignified life. It is the fundamental right of every citizen and is essential for sustainable development. The Constitution of Nepal recognizes access to safe water and sanitation as a fundamental right as follows.

A septic tank is a large vessel that collects household wastewater through an inlet pipe, treats the effluent through a bio-action process, and releases the treated water into a drain field where the water percolates underground.